Fig. 1
From: Urolithin A promotes p62-dependent lysophagy to prevent acute retinal neurodegeneration
Urolithin A (UA) prevents photoreceptor cell death and preserves visual function in the sodium iodate (SI) model of geographic atrophy. A Young C57BL/6J mice (2 months) were administered UA (2.3/mg/kg/day) or Vehicle (DMSO; Veh, Control) intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily at day -3. At day 0, animals received a single i.p. injection of SI (50 mg/kg) and samples were collected on day 7. B Diagram depicting the different layers and cell types of the murine retina, including the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL), inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL). C Representative images and quantification of TUNEL assay (magenta) to detect apoptotic cell death in whole eye cryosections. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (gray). D Spider plot showing the number of nuclei per row in the photoreceptor-containing ONL. Control-SI and SI–SI+UA statistics are shown in magenta and gray, respectively. E Representative optical coherence tomography (OCT) and quantification of ONL thickness normalized to total retina (left) and AMD-associated hyperreflective foci (right). F Representative images and quantification of ConeArrestin+ cone photoreceptors (magenta), nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (gray). G Electroretinogram (ERG) assessment of visual function in scotopic (dark) conditions and quantification of b-wave amplitude (μV) at 0.01 cd·s·m−2. H ERG assessment of visual function in mixed conditions and quantification of b-wave amplitude (μV) at 31.62 cd·s·m−2. I ERG assessment of visual function in photopic (light) and quantification of b-wave amplitude (μV) at 1 cd·s·m−2 (low) and 31.62 cd·s·m−2 (high). J ERG assessment of photopic flicker response amplitude (μV) at 31.62 cd·s·m−2. K ERG assessment of oscillatory potential (OP) amplitude (μV) at 31.62 cd·s·m−2. Scale bars, 50 μm. All data are expressed as the mean ± s.e.m. Dots represent individual mice. P values were calculated using 1-way ANOVA with Šidak’s (C, E, F, G, H, I, J, K) or Tukey’s (D) post-hoc test. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, ns: not significant