Table 2 Description and mode of action for inhibitors of endocytic pathways
No. | Name | Function |
|---|---|---|
1 | Chlorpromazine (CPZ) | An inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis via binding to adaptor protein − 2 (AP-2) subunit [48] |
2 | Cytochalasin-D (CD) | An inhibitor of actin polymerization (49), which is involved in various endocytic processes [50] |
3 | 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA) | An inhibitor of macropinocytosis, which interferes with Na+/H+Â exchange [51] |
4 | Dyngo-4a (DYNGO) | An inhibitor of both dynamin I and II [52] |
5 | Genistein (GEN) | An inhibitor of tyrosine kinases involved in caveolar-mediated endocytosis [53] |
6 | Nystatin (NYST) | A Cholesterol-chelating that disrupts lipid rafts and inhibits clathrin-independent, caveolar-mediated endocytosis [54] |
7 | Bafilomycin A1 (Baf) | An inhibitor of vacuolar ATPase that prevents lysosomal acidification, inhibiting the activation of lysosomal proteases [55] |
8 | Chloroquine (CQ) | An inhibitor of autophagic flux by blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes [56] |