Fig. 2

Microglial CD2AP haploinsufficiency attenuates cognitive and synaptic deficits in 5xFAD mice. A, B In the Y- (A) and T-maze (B) tests, the percentages of spontaneous alternation were analyzed in 7-month-old Cd2ap^fl/+ (n = 23 males, n = 12 females), Cd2ap^fl/+;Cx3cr1-cre (n = 17 males, n = 10 females), 5xFAD;Cd2ap^fl/+ (n = 22 males, n = 12 females), and 5xFAD;Cd2ap^fl/+;Cx3cr1-cre (n = 14 males, n = 12 females) mice. 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. C-E In the Morris water maze (MWM) test, latency to target during a 6-day training (C), and mean speed (D) and percentage of time spent in the target quadrant (E) during the test on the 7th day were analyzed in 7-month-old Cd2ap^fl/+ (n = 23 males, n = 12 females), Cd2ap^fl/+;Cx3cr1-cre (n = 17 males, n = 10 females), 5xFAD;Cd2ap^fl/+ (n = 21 males, n = 12 females), and 5xFAD;Cd2ap^fl/+;Cx3cr1-cre (n = 13 males, n = 12 females) mice. 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. F, G In the novel object recognition (NOR) test, the percentages of exploration time to objects A1 and A2 during the training phase (F) and to objects A1 and B during the test phase (G) were analyzed in 7-month-old Cd2ap^fl/+ (n = 23 males, n = 12 females), Cd2ap^fl/+;Cx3cr1-cre (n = 17 males, n = 10 females), 5xFAD;Cd2ap^fl/+ (n = 19 males, n = 12 females), and 5xFAD;Cd2ap^fl/+;Cx3cr1-cre (n = 14 males, n = 12 females) mice. 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. H LTP in the hippocampal Schaffer’s collaterals was induced by high frequency stimulation (HFS) and fEPSP slopes in the CA1 region was recorded in acute slices from 7-month-old mice. fEPSP amplitude values of the last 10 min of LTP recording were averaged for comparison. Cd2ap^fl/+: n = 8 slices from 8 mice; Cd2ap^fl/+;Cx3cr1-cre, n = 10 slices from 4 mice; 5xFAD;Cd2ap^fl/+: n = 8 slices from 4 mice; and 5xFAD;Cd2ap^fl/+;Cx3cr1-cre: n = 9 slices from 4 mice. 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001; ns, not significant