Fig. 2

Gene silencing approaches to inhibit α-syn protein translation. Viral vectors can introduce shRNAs into the cell where they are being processed into miRNAs or siRNAs. These non-coding RNAs are guided to the target mRNA, which encodes α-syn, thereby degrading the mRNA before any α-syn can be synthesized. Further, ASOs can also be introduced into the cell, where they bind with target α-syn mRNA and prevent the mRNA from being further translated into protein. These therapeutics have the potential to reverse disease progression by targeting α-synucleinopathies at its genetic level [132, 133, 136, 138,139,140,141].