Fig. 2

Overview of the molecular mechanisms of the cGAS-STING signal pathway. The activation of the cGAS-STING signaling begins with the detection of abnormal dsDNA within the cell. Initially, dsDNA binds to cGAS, triggering its enzymatic activity and the production of 2’3’-cGAMP. Subsequently, cGAMP binds to STING on the ER membrane, inducing conformational changes that result in STING oligomerization and translocation to the ERGIC and Golgi apparatus. This change leads to the activation of signaling molecules such as TBK1 and IRF3, which enter the nucleus and initiate the transcription of immune factors like interferons, ultimately initiating the body’s immune response to combat infection and damage