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Table 1 Immunomodulatory therapeutics

From: Immune modulation to treat Alzheimer’s disease

Name

Type

Manufacturer

Stage

Repurposed?

MOA

AL002

Biologic

Alector

Phase 2

No

TREM2

VG-3927

Small molecule

Vigil Neurosciences

Phase 1

No

TREM2

VHB937

Biologic

Novartis

Preclinical

No

TREM2

CpG1018

Biologic

Dynavax Technologies

Phase 1

Yes

TLR9

Valacyclovir

Small molecule

GlaxoSmithKline

Phase 2

Phase 2

Yes

Antiviral

Emtricitabine

Small molecule

Gilead Sciences

Phase 1

Yes

Antiretroviral

Lamivudine

Small molecule

Strides Pharma

Phase 2

Yes

Antiretroviral

Censavudine

Small molecule

Transposon Therapeutics

Preclinical

Yes

Antiretroviral

AL044

Biologic

Alector

Phase 1

No

MS4A

Montelukast

Small molecule

IntelGenx

Phase 2

Yes

LTD4-CysLT

Edicotinib

Small molecule

Johnson & Johnson

Phase 1

No

CSF1R

XPro1595

Biologic

INmune Bio

Phase 2

No

sTNF

H-151

Small molecule

Tocris, MedChem, InvivoGen etc.,

Preclinical

Yes

cGAS-STING

ACI-6635

Biologic

AC Immune

Preclinical

No

NLRP3-ASCs

ATLX-1008

Biologic

Alchemab Therapeutics

Preclinical

No

CD33

Protollin

Biologic

I-MAB Biopharma

Phase 1

Yes

SCRA

IBC-Ab002

Biologic

ImmunoBrain Checkpoint

Phase 1

No

PD-1

Levetiracetam

Small molecule

UCB Pharma

Phase 2

Yes

SV2A

HT-ALZ

Small molecule

Hoth Therapeutics

Preclinical

Yes

NK-1

Lenalidomide

Small molecule

Celgene

Phase 2

Yes

CRBN

MW150

Small molecule

Neurokine Therapeutics

Phase 2

No

p38

Sargramostim

Biologic

Partner Therapeutics

Phase 2

Yes

JAK-STAT

Baricitinib

Small molecule

Eli Lilly

Phase 1

Yes

JAK-STAT

TB006

Biologic

TrueBinding

Phase 2

No

galectin

Aß-Gas6

Biologic

KAIST

Preclinical

No

Gas6

BMS-984923

Small molecule

Allyx Therapeutics

Phase 1

Yes

C1q-mGluR5

ANX005

Biologic

Annexon

Preclinical

No

C1q

COYA 301

Biologic

Coya Therapeutics

Phase 2

Yes

IL-2-Treg

Foralumab

Biologic

Tiziana Life Sciences

Phase 2

Yes

CD3-Treg

  1. Key: C1q Complement component 1q, CD3 Cluster of differentiation factor 3, CD33 Cluster of differentiation factor 33, cGAS-STING Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes, CRBN Cereblon, CSF1R Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, Gas6 Growth arrest-specific 6, IL-2 Interleukin-2, JAK-STAT Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, KAIST Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, LTD4-CysLT Leukotriene D4-Cysteinyl leukotriene, mGluR5 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, MS4A Membrane-spanning 4A, MOA mechanism of action, NK-1 neurokinin 1, NLRP3-ASCs NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3- apoptosis speck-like complexes, p38 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, PD-1 Programmed cell death protein 1, SCRA Scavenger Receptor Class A, SV2A synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A, sTNF soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor, TLR9 Toll-like receptor 9, Treg regulatory T-cell, TREM2 Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
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Molecular Neurodegeneration

ISSN: 1750-1326