Table 2 Cellular models of Parkinson’s disease
Cell Type | Characteristics of αsyn expression | αsyn aggregates | Dopaminergic-like cell | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma cells) | Endogenous human αsyn | May be induced by PFF, rotenone, or AAV-αsyn treatment. | Can be differentiated into catecholaminergic neurons | |
LUHMES (mesencephalic embryonic human cells) | Endogenous human αsyn | May be induced by PFF, rotenone, or AAV-αsyn treatment. | Can be differentiated into dopaminergic neurons | |
Murine primary neurons | Endogenous murine αsyn | May be induced by PFF, rotenone, or AAV-αsyn treatment. | Mixture of different types of neurons (~ 10% are dopaminergic neurons). | |
iPSC (patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells) | Endogenous or overexpression of αsyn depends on gene mutation or multiplication. | May be spontaneously present according to SNCA gene mutation or multiplication. | Can be differentiated into dopaminergic neurons | [114] [115] |
iDANs (patient-derived induced dopaminergic neurons) | Endogenous expression of αsyn according to patient’s phenotype | Not observed | Yes | [130] |
Brain organoids (LUHMES cells or patient-derived iPSC) | Endogenous or overexpression of αsyn depends on gene mutation or multiplication. | May be spontaneously present according to SNCA gene mutation or multiplication. | Mixture of different types of neurons and glial cells. | [126] [127] |