Fig. 4
From: Molecular mechanisms and consequences of TDP-43 phosphorylation in neurodegeneration
TDP-43 phosphorylation is regulated by kinases and phosphatases. Phosphorylation involves the transfer of the γ-ATP phosphate of ATP to TDP-43 by a kinase (purple). Dephosphorylation is the removal of this phosphate group by a phosphatase (pink). Reported TDP-43 kinases include c-Abl, CDC7, CK1, CK2, IKKβ, p38α/MAPK14, MEK1, TTBK1, and TTBK2 while phosphatases include PP1, PP2A and PP2B. Figure constructed using biorender.com