Fig. 2

Schematic illustration of sphingolipid metabolism. This figure summarizes the conversion relationship between ceramide and other major sphingolipids with respective enzymes involved. Abbreviations: SPT, serine palmitoyl transferase; 3-KSR, 3-keto-sphinganine reductase; CerS, ceramide synthases; DES1, dihydroceramide desaturase; SMase, sphingomyelinase; SMS, sphingomyelin synthase; GALC, β-galactosylceramidase; CGT, ceramide galactosyltransferase; ARSA, arylsulfatase A; CST, cerebroside sulfotransferase; C1PP, ceramide-1-phosphate phosphatase; CERK, ceramide kinase; GCase, glucocerebrosidase; UGCG, ceramide glucosyltransferase; SphK1/2, sphingosine kinase 1/2; and SGPP, sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase