Fig. 5

The intercorrelation between lipid and neuroinflammation. Using microglia as an example, this schematic depicts the diverse roles of lipids in regulating neuroinflammation. Alteration of lipid homeostasis can either promote microglial activation (through multiple hydroxylated cholesterol species, HC, or loss of sulfatides), or inhibit microglial activation (anti-oxidation lipids, such as plasmalogen and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids). Under disease condition, the glycerolipid-enriched lipid-containing microglia exhibits decreased phagocytosis function and increases the production of reactive oxygen species. Prolonged microglial activation contributes to neuroinflammation in AD. Conversely, neuroinflammation further maintains and enhances microglial activation