Table 1 Summary of lipid-related AD-risk genes

APOE

Lipid transport and lipid binding.

[65,66,67]

ABCA1

Lipid transport. Mediates efflux of lipids.

[34, 68, 69]

ABCA7

Mediates the export of lipids to apolipoproteins.

[70,71,72]

SORL1

Functions as lipoprotein receptor.

[49, 73, 74]

SORT1

Regulates lipid transport through lipoprotein binding.

[34, 75, 76]

CLU

APOJ. Functions in lipid transport.

[34, 77, 78]

TREM2

Lipid sensing, lipoprotein interaction, microglial lipid droplet formation and cholesterol metabolism

[48, 79,80,81,82,83,84]

PLCG2

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of PIP2 into IP3 and DAG, and impacts associated signaling.

[57, 85, 86]

INPP5D

Converts PIP3 to PIP2, regulates associated signaling pathways.

[58, 87, 88]

PRKD3

Involves in lipid-related signaling. Regulates the activity of SREBPs.

[35, 53, 89]

ADAMTS1

Regulates adipogenesis.

[34, 64]

ADAM17

Presents in lipid rafts. Modulates the activity of cell surface receptors for lipid metabolism.

[34, 90, 91]

HS3ST5

Can impact lipid transport through mediating the heparan sulfate modification of lipoprotein receptors.

[34, 60, 92]

EPDR1

Resembles lipoprotein structure and binds to lipid. Regulates UCP1 expression.

[34, 93, 94]

PICALM

Involves in lipid transportation and synaptic vesicle recycling. Regulates receptor mediated endocytosis via binding to PIPs.

[34, 95,96,97]

CD2AP

Lipid processing, regulates endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.

[34, 98]

BIN1

Regulates endocytosis and vesicle formation, influences lipid transportation.

[34, 99, 100]

FERMT2

Modulates levels of PPARγ, mTOR, and AKT. Regulates lipogenesis/adipogenesis.

[34, 63]

KLF16

Transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism genes and adipogenesis.

[34, 54, 101]

MAF

Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis genes including PPARγ and C/EBPα.

[34, 102]

BCKDK

Impacts the synthesis of fatty acids and sterols through modulating branched-chain amino acids.

[34, 62]